Air Transport - Airports
Papasotiriou Publishing,, 2010
he book Air Transport – Airports(Papasotiriou Publishing, in Greek) includes the following: - Ch. 1. Characteristics and prospects of air transport and airports
- Aircraft technologies
- High rates of increase of air traffic
- Profitability and vulnerability of air transport
- Evolution of air traffic (air companies, airports)
- Regulation, deregulation, privatization
- The airport as a system and as a node
- Safety and security
- Environmental effects and air transport$
- Air transport and other transport modes (high-speed trains, etc.)
- Reasons for generating air transport
- Air transport and tourism
- Ch.2. The air transport market, legislation and regulations
- The internal and external environment of air transport
- Offer and demand in the air transport market
- SWOT analysis
- Evaluation of unit revenues and costs
- Demography, energy costs, economic development and air transport
- Elasticities
- Legislation for air transport
- International air conventions
- International air transport authorities (ICAO, IATA, etc.)
- Regulations for the design of air transport and airports
- The air transport market: from monopoly to competition
- European community legislation
- Liberalization of air transport in the USA and EU
- The air transport market under regulated and deregulated environment
- Alliances and cooperation
- Privatization: a purpose per se or a tool
- Form of privatization of airports, advantages and disadvantage
- The principal air companies in Europe
- Ch.3. Forecast of air transport demand
- The various methods of forecast
- Qualitative methods (specialists’ evaluation, Delphi, market surveys, scenario writing)
- Statistical method (projection of data, time-series)
- Econometric methods
- Gravity methods
- Marked surveys for existing or new airports
- Market surveys for air companies
- A case-study for the application of statistical methods of forecast
- Econometric models of Boeing, IATA, Airbus
- How to choose the appropriate method of forecast
- Ch.4. The aircraft
- Principal technical characteristics of the various aircrafts in operation
- Interaction of characteristics of aircrafts and air companies
- Interaction of characteristics of aircrafts and airports
- Components, weight, types of engine of aircrafts
- Evolution of speed of aircrafts
- Capacity, range, weight of the various types of aircrafts
- Aircraft and required runway length
- The principal aircraft constructors
- Geometrical characteristics of aircrafts
- Pay load and dead load of an aircraft
- Maximum load for take off
- Volume of fuel
- Unit consumption of fuel for the various aircraft types
- Mechanical behaviour and fatigue of materials of aircrafts
- Maintenance of aircrafts
- Reservation systems, global distribution systems, internet
- Ch. 5 Operations, planning and site selection of an airport
- Organization of airports in the regulated and deregulated air transport environment
- Categorization of airports, hub airports
- Planning of an airport and topics to be studied (according to ICAO, FAA)
- Master plan and business plan of an airport
- Selection of site of an airport and parameters to be taken into account (no physical obstacles in the itinerary for take-off and landing, operation during extreme meteorological conditions)
- The effect of wind in the operation of aircrafts and airports
- Max values of transverse wind in relation to runway length
- Effect of fog, temperature, heavy rainfall
- The windshear effect
- Methods for consideration of a typical peak-hour for the design of the runway and the air terminal of an airport- application in a case study
- Ch.6. Geometrical design of runways, taxiway and apron of an airport
- Categorization of runways according to ICAO
- Choice of the appropriate orientation of an airport
- Reference length and real length of a runway in relation to aircraft type
- Take-off and runway length
- Width of a runway
- Longitudinal and transverse slope
- Surfaces free of obstacles around an airport
- Methods of calculation of the real length of an airport
- Length, width and slopes of a taxiway
- Geometrical design of exits from runway to taxiway
- Capacity of a runway and taxiway, monograms according to ICAO and FAA
- Apron, geometrical design and calculation of surfaces required
- Application in a case-study
- Ch.7. Structural design of pavements of airports
- Asphalt and concrete pavements: multi-layered systems of distribution of aircraft forces
- Operational requirements
- Design of base, sub-base and subgrade of an airport pavement
- Design of asphalt pavements according to FAA and ICAO
- Design of concrete pavements according to FAA and ICAO
- Frost intrusion in the pavement
- Geometrical analysis of soil under the pavement
- Design of drainage devices for rainfall and groundwater
- Snow, ice and operation of an airport, the appropriate equipment
- Fuel distribution to aircrafts, equipment and safety measures
Ch.8. Air terminal
- The air terminal as an interface and a node
- Principles, methodology and algorithms for the planning and design of air terminal according to ICAO and IATA
- Modelization of flows of passengers and luggage in the air terminal and level of services
- Activities and functions in the air terminal and level of services
- Forms of conception of an air terminal (linear, satellite, etc), applications in relation to traffic
- Required surface of air terminal and its components (check-in, departure lobby, etc.) in relation to traffic
- Design of the various components of an air terminal (check-in, departure, arrival, customs, X-rays, etc.) –application in a case-study
- Estimated times in the various procedures in the air terminal
- Air traffic control building
- Police and fire stations
- Ground handling equipment, procedures and required times
- Emergency landing
- Air cargo facilities and equipment
- Safety and security in the air terminal and the air field
Ch.9. Air traffic control systems
- Visual and instrument flight rules
- Airways
- Eurocontrol
- Flight Information Region, Approach Region, Control in the airport area, Airport Flight Infosystem, Search and Rescue
- Telecommunications air-ground
- Radar (primary and secondary)
- Aeronautical telecommunications
- VOR, NDB, DME, TACAN, ARSR equipment
- Instrument Landing Systems
- VASIS and PAPIS systems
- Approach Landing systems (runway and taxiway)
- Air Traffic Management
- Longitudinal and lateral separation of aircrafts
- Holding procedure
- Turbulences and rules of separation of successive aircrafts
- The fragmented air traffic control system in Europe
- Satellite technologies for air navigation
Ch.10. Road and Rail Access to airports
- Land access to airports and required travel times
- Modal split for land access to principal airports
- Road access by private car, bus, tourist bus, taxi, rented car
- Road access for cargo traffic
- Rail access (metro, regional railway, high-speed train)
- Parking of vehicles in the airport area and tariff policies
Ch. 11. Environmental effects of air transport and airports
- Economic optimization and environmental management
- Noise, air pollution, greenhouse effect, alteration of the surrounding environment, congestion in the air and ground, groundwater pollution, effects during construction of an airport, land use restrictions
- FAA and ICAO regulations
- Noise pollution due to the operation of an airport
- Indices for the evaluation of noise from air transport
- New engine technologies and reduction of level of emitted noise
- Measurement of noise, regulations for the maximum permitted level of noise
- Effects to health from noise
- Design of landscape to reduce noise
- Charges in case of excessive noise
- Noise and compatible land uses
- Air pollution due to aircraft gases
- Contribution of air transport to global warming (Greenhouse effect)
- Surface and groundwater pollution
- Rubbish due to the operation of airports
- The risk from concentration of great numbers of birds
- Materials required for the construction of a new airport
- Land use, NEF curves
- Environmental studies for the construction and operation of an airport-application in a case-study
Ch. 12. Cost, Tariff policy, Organisation and Management of Air Companies and Airports
- Choice of the appropriate aircraft in relation to the characteristics of air company
- Purchase cost for various types of aircrafts
- Orders of new aircrafts during the last 2 decades
- Cost of construction of a new airport
- Cost of operation of an airport, unit values per passenger transported
- Structure and components of revenues of airports
- Principles of calculation of aeronautical changes according to ICAO
- Landing fees
- Fees for air navigation
- Fees for ground handling
- Non-aeronautical revenues
- Unit revenues for some airports
- Structure and components of operation costs of air companies
- Direct and indirect operation costs
- Operation costs in scheduled and low-cost air companies
- Tariff policy of air companies
- The yield management techniques
- Units revenues of some air companies
- The frequent flyer programs
- Marketing of air companies
- Effects of airports in the local and national economy, employment, investment, regional development
- Slots allocation in an airport
- Productivity of airports
- Organization and management of airports
- Organization and management of air companies
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